LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 22:1 January 2022
ISSN 1930-2940

Editors:
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         T. Deivasigamani, Ph.D.
         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

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Factors Behind Radicalization:
Analysis of Fatima Bhutto’s The Runaways

Junaid Ashraf and Shafqat Hussain


Courtesy: www.amazon.com

Abstract

This research aims at analyzing Fatima Bhutto’s novel The Runaways, in terms of its portrayal of radicalization and the factors behind it. Bhutto has presented a picture of modern world, particularly England and Pakistan, where individuals adopt the pathway of extremism by encountering, alienation, inequality, identity crisis, poverty and so forth. The study is carried out under the umbrella of Neumann’s understanding of radicalization as a theoretical framework for the analysis of the selected text. It implicates the causes of radicalization in the current social system of political spheres. The study is conducted qualitatively and designed descriptively. It uses the Textual Analysis Method for the analysis. The data are gathered from the novel The Runways by Bhutto. The selected excerpts are sampled for answering the research question that how people get radicalized in the extremist violent discourse of religion. The study concludes that individuals suffering from identity crisis, poverty, social frustration, and religious segregation are easy prey to get radicalized and involved in violence.

Keywords: Fatima Bhutto, The Runaways, Radicalism, Factors, Violence.

Introduction

Fatima Bhutto, the daughter of Murtaza Bhutto, is the niece of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, and granddaughter of former Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, and Murtaza. She was born on May 29, 1982 in Kabul in the political family. The Shadow of the Crescent Moon (2013), The Runaways (2018), The Democracy (2015), and an autobiographical memoir Songs of Blood and Sword (2010) come among her best-known works. Her writings come through her heart, and her knowledge of the country's complicated political and socioeconomic challenges rings throughout the works (Anam, Lodhi & Anwar, 2021). According to Sethna (2014), Bhutto is a skilled writer of political narrative because she uses literary abilities to create an astonishing story of conflict, treachery, political turmoil, and shattered identities.

Background

9/11 of 2001 was clearly the highest catastrophic incident of the twenty-first century. It wreaked havoc on the glob's social and political landscape. It obliterated a massive structure in New York and murdered a significant proportion of individuals Suganami (2003). Terrorism, according to Lepeshkov (2010), is by far the most significant concern of security to the welfare of the citizens and government/state. Moreover, radicalization is a complicated process in which a person as an individual or a community acquires an excessive ideology or mindset that recognizes or disregards the use of violent actions to accomplish a specified sociopolitical position. An individual or groups which advocate terrorist activity are more likely to enter into the terror groups as a result of such project (Anam, Lodhi & Anwar, 2021).

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Junaid Ashraf
National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
jraza900@gmail.com

Shafqat Hussain
IELL
University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
shafqat98hussain@gmail.com
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