LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 11 : 3 March 2011
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.

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Comparative Study of Cost Effectiveness of
Formal and Non-Formal System of Primary Teacher Certificate Programme
in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan

Sajjad Hayat Akhtar, Ph.D.
Muhammad Naseer Ud Din, Ph.D.
Parveen Munshi, Ph.D.


Abstract

This research study is a descriptive analysis of the cost effectiveness of formal and non-formal system of Primary Teacher Certificate (PTC) programme in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

In this research the Allama Iqbal Open University PTC trainees and conventional PTC trainees were considered as a population of the study, their time duration of the course, courses admission system, cost effectiveness, teacher training, job opportunities, examination system, and follow up study were investigated.

Specific indicators were used to determine the extent to which these components contributed to the efficient running of teacher education programme in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

As for the objectives of the study were concerned, the following were focused upon: to compare the inputs for producing PTC teachers by formal and non-formal system, to compare the characteristics of PTC trained teachers by formal and non-formal system to be taken in equal numbers, to identify the needs of non-formal education in the province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and to determine the cost effectiveness of non-formal PTC teachers.

Data was collected through survey and questionnaires.

The following results were made by the researcher in the light of analysis of data. Majority of the PTC pass-outs were confronted with the problems, like inadequacy of trained teachers and lack of computers and Internet facilities. There is a wide spectrum of issues relating to the lack of well-integrated media with content difficulties and learning from media and the lack of provision of guidance and counselling.

This study is significant as it deals with training of PTC teachers by formal and non-formal system. On the basis of the previous research studies and insight of general literature, the following hypothesis was drawn to be tested by the present study: The cost-effectiveness of open education is not greater than the cost of regular system.

Keywords: Duration of courses; job opportunities; cost-effectiveness; examination system; admission system; open system and conventional system evaluation.

Introduction

Education is a social process by which we lead individuals and groups from darkness to light or from ignorance to knowledge. It is a process in which we try to develop the different capacities and potentialities of individuals in all aspects of life. It is a wholesome development of the whole child.

In Pakistan, the formal system cannot cope with the demand of education for all. In order to over-come this problem, Allama Iqbal Open University was established at Islamabad in June 1974. It provides education and training to the masses at large through its distance education approach.

Allama Iqbal Open University is one of the unique institutions because of its philosophy, system approach, functions and overall structure. The university provides multi-level and multidisciplinary education from the gross roots to the higher level programmes for the distance learners, out of which one is the Primary Teacher Certificate (PTC) course which was introduced in October 1979. It comprises three parts, which are (i) principle of teaching (ii) overall content and methodology of the primary school curriculum and (iii) a practical component of workshop plus supervised teaching practice.


This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.


Balbir Madhopuri's Changiya Rukh - A Critique of Dalit Identity and Politics | Multiple Nested Triglossic Situation in Pakistan | Problems Encountered by Arab EFL Learners | Language and Nomenclature Imbroglio among the Kukis | Indigenous Language Abandonment in the Religious Domain in Murree - A Family Report Analysis | A Comparative Study of New Woman through the Female Protagonists of Kamala Markandaya and Shashi Deshpande | A Look into the Causes of Language Choice among Female Students in Academic Setting in Pakistan | Census and the Aspects of Growth and Development of Bangla vs. Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism -With Special Focus on West Bengal | Joshi's The Foreigner - Within and Without | To Investigate the Sense of Teacher Efficacy between Male and Female Teachers of Secondary Schools of Wah Cantt. | Comparative Study of Cost Effectiveness of Formal and Non-Formal System of Primary Teacher Certificate Programme in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) | Sudha Murty's Short Stories as a Motif of Values | Standard English as a 'Fiat Code' and the Dwindling Faith behind It | Effect of the Use of Motivational Techniques on the Academic Achievement of the Teachers at the Higher Education Level in Pakistan | A Critical Analysis of the Function of Mass Media Language as a Tool of Social Oppression | The Use of Films in the Teaching of English in India | A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model and Advance Organizer Model in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course | The Effect of Cooperative Learning on Academic Achievement of Low Achievers in English | Imagining a Borderless World: A Comparative Study of Rabindranath Tagore and Swami Vivekananda | Teaching English in Schools: Problems and Solutions - A Case Study from Rajasthan, India | Socio-cultural Patterns of the Tamil Brahmin Community in the Novels of R. K. Narayan | Effects of Multimedia Glosses on Aiding Vocabulary Acquisition in EFL Environment | English Language Teaching in Rural India - Issues and Suggestions | Teaching Paragraph Writing - "Bilingual" Newspapers as Tools | A Study of Teachers' Academic Qualification, Morale and Their Teaching Behaviour | Syllable Onset Clusters and Phonotactics in Pahari | Literary Criticism as a Shared Set of Measurement | Ted Hughes's Poetry - The Problem of the Evil of Self-Consciousness | Travelogue as a Literary Genre | Bim's Unfailing Strength in Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day | Impact of Education on Development of Self-Concept in Adults | An Analysis of the Lack of Primary English Language Skills among the Technical Students of Hindi Speaking States | Emergent Literacy Experiences in the Classroom - A Sample Survey in Mysore City | ICT Enabled Language Learning Using Handphones - An Experimental Study | Creative Writing in Language Classes | Business Communication: Techniques and Methods by Om P. Juneja and Aarti Mujumdar (Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2010) | Word Formation in Surjapuri | Beatrice Culleton and Her April Rain Tree - Identity Crisis of the People of Mixed Races of Colonization | A PRINT VERSION OF ALL THE PAPERS OF MARCH, 2011 ISSUE IN BOOK FORMAT. This document is better viewed if you open it online and then save it in your computer. After saving it in your computer, you can easily read all the pages from the saved document.

Call for Papers for a Language in India www.languageinindia.com Special Volume on Autobiography and Biography in Indian Writing in English | Call for Papers for a Special Volume on Indian Writing in English - Analysis of Select Novels of 2009-2010 | HOME PAGE of March 2011 Issue | HOME PAGE of Language in India | CONTACT EDITOR languageinindiaUSA@gmail.com


Sajjad Hayat Akhtar, Ph.D.
Provincial Education Department
Mardan Khyber Pakthunkawa
Pakistan
sajjadakhtar2010@yahoo.com

Muhammad Naseer Ud Din, Ph.D.
Institute of Education and Research
Kohat University and Science Technology - (KUST)
Kohat- Khyber Pakthunkawa
Pakistan

naseer_khanpk2000@yahoo.com
naseerkust@yahoo.com

Parveen Munshi, Ph.D.
Faculty of Education
University of Sindh
Pakistan
dean@education.usindh.edu.pk

 
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