LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 11 : 7 July 2011
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.

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Phonological Variation in Perso-Arabic Words in Urdu

Somana Fatima, M.A. (English), Ph.D. (Sociolinguistics)

Abstract

Data on Perso-Arabic words was collected from 50 Urdu speakers in Lucknow, Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh) and New Delhi, India. Data is then categorized and analysed in the scale of gender and age groups. Male and female and three age groups formed part of the scale. Presentation of data is done in the form of tables and charts. It was found that age group 1 (from 15-25 years of age) is very much carefree in using the Perso-Arabic words. Age-group 3 (50 to 70 years of age) tended towards perfection in their pronunciation. And age group 2 (26 to 49 years of age) they are in between carefree attitude and standard usage of Perso-Arabic words. Due to over-generalization, Urdu Speakers tend to exhibit phonological variation in Perso-Arabic words in their speech.

Profile of Urdu

“There were certain political and socio-cultural influences which favored and prepared background for the evolution of Urdu in India. Its proper development started, only when Muslim entered Delhi from Punjab in 1193 A.D., and made the city capital of their empire. It has adopted certain elements from Arabic and Persian Languages, example phonological features, grammatical features and a considerable part of lexicon.” (Beg: 1966)

The same Khadi Boli style of Urdu is termed by P.B.Pandit in India as a Socioloinguistic Area (Pandit :1977: 57) as ‘the Northern lingua franca’. In course of its development, the Khadi Boli style of Urdu was known by various names such as Rekhta, Zaban-i-Delhi, Zaban-i-Dehlavi, Zaban-i-Hindostan, Hindostani, Hindustani, Zaban-i-Urdu-i-Mu’alla, Urdu-i-Mu’alla, Zaban-i-Urdu or simply Urdu, besides being known as Hindi or Hindavi (Hindawi).’

The study of language maintenance and language shift is concerned with the relationship between change and stability in habitual language use, on the one hand, and ongoing psychological, social and cultural processes, on the other hand, when populations differing in language are in contact with each other (Fishman, 1972).

 

 

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Somana Fatima, M.A., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of English
Community College
Shaqra University
Al-Quwaiyah
Ar-Riyadh
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Somanafatima17883@gmail.com




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