LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 11 : 6 June 2011
ISSN 1930-2940

Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D.
         Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D.
         S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D.

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Language Attitude of Hindi-Urdu Speakers in Patiali
A Perspective

Motiur Rahman, Ph. D.
Arvind Kumar Gautam, M.A.

Abstract

Present paper deals with the language attitude of Hindi-Urdu speakers in a small town called Patiali of Etah District. In this paper an attempt has been made to throw some light on various definitions of language attitude propounded by different scholars from time to time. It also looks into ethnic perception of Hindi-Urdu speakers of Patiali town and its findings. In this paper study has been attempted throughout the general perception of Hindi-Urdu speakers and the attitude towards the linguistic reality about these speakers. The objective of this study is to discover, analyze, and describe the relation between the linguistic majority-minority populations, and demonstrate, among other things, that the linguistic relation continually evolves and, in reality, is relative to the socio-political and economic conditions.

Introduction

Demography of Etah District

Hindi and Urdu are speech forms spoken in Patiali town of Etah district. Etah is a district of Agra Division of Uttar Pradesh and is bounded on the north by the Badaun district, on the west by district of Aligarh, Hathras, Mathura and Agra, on the south by Mainpuri and Firozabad, on the east by Farrukhabad. The district has 18 blocks. The total land area of the district is 4446 sq.kms. The population of Etah district is about 22,44,998. The district has a population density of 627 persons per sq. km., which is low as compared to 689 of the state. The annual exponential growth rate of the district during 1991-2001 is 2.17 percent, which is lower than that of the state 2.29 percent. About 17.34 percent of the population of the district lives in urban areas in contrast to 20.78 percent in the state. The sex ratio of the district is 847 females per 1000 males, which is lower than that of the state average of 898. The Schedule caste population is much lower 17.3 percent than the state’s percentage of 21 percent. (Census of India, 2001)

The Patiali Town

The district is known for Patiali, a small town which is the place where Khusro was born in 1253. Ameer Khusro served as an ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity in his time. His Hindu or Hindwi poetry is popular among the school-going children as well as adults. In his introduction to Ghurrat-ul-Kamal, Khusro writers, “A few poems that I have composed in Hindwi, I have made a gift of them to my friends. I am a Hindustani Turk. I compose verses in Hindwi with the fluency of running water.” He called himself Tuti-e-Hind (a parrot of India). ‘To speak the truth, I am an Indian Parrot. If you want to listen from me some subtle verses, ask me then to recite some of my Hindwi poems’. He himself did not collect and preserve his Hindwi poems but made a gift of them to his friends. His poem, Khaliq Bari is a lexicon composed of synonymous words, from four languages, Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Hindwi.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Motiur Rahman, Ph. D
Department of Linguistics
Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh-202002
Uttar Pradesh
India
rahman.res@gmail.com

Arvind Kumar Gautam, M.A.
JRP-Acad. NTS-INDIA
Central Institute of Indian Languages
Mysore 570006
Karnataka
India
amuarvind@rediffmail.com

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