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BOOKS FOR YOU TO READ AND DOWNLOAD FREE!
- Translation: New Dimensions ...
C.Shunmugom, Ph.D., and C. Sivashanmugam, Ph.D., Editors - Language of Headlines in Kannada Dailies ...
M. N. Leelavathi, Ph.D. - Cooperative Learning Incorporating
Computer-Mediated Communication: Participation, Perceptions, and Learning Outcomes
in a Deaf Education Classroom ...
Michelle Pandian, M.S. -
The Effects of Age on the Ability to Learn English As a Second Language ...
Mariam Dadabhai, B.A. Hons. - A STUDY OF THE SKILLS OF READING
COMPREHENSION IN ENGLISH DEVELOPED BY STUDENTS OF STANDARD IX IN THE SCHOOLS IN TUTICORIN DISTRICT, TAMILNADU ...
A. Joycilin Shermila, Ph.D. - A Socio-Pragmatic Comparative Study of Ostensible Invitations in English and Farsi ...
Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, Ph.D. - ADVANCED WRITING - A COURSE TEXTBOOK ...
Parviz Birjandi, Ph.D.
Seyyed Mohammad Alavi, Ph.D.
Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, Ph.D. - TEXT FAMILIARITY, READING TASKS, AND ESP TEST PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON IRANIAN LEP AND NON-LEP UNIVERSITY STUDENTS - A DOCTORAL DISSERTATION ...
Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, Ph.D. - A STUDY ON THE LEARNING PROCESS OF ENGLISH
BY HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DHARMAPURI DISTRICT IN TAMILNADU ...
K. Chidambaram, Ph.D. - SPEAKING STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATION
DIFFICULTIES IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE SITUATION - BANGLADESHIS IN NEW ZEALAND ...
Harunur Rashid Khan - THE PROBLEMS IN LEARNING MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS IN ENGLISH AT HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL ...
Chandra Bose, Ph.D. Candidate - THE ROLE OF VISION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
- in Children with Moderate to Severe Disabilities ...
Martha Low, Ph.D. - SANSKRIT TO ENGLISH TRANSLATOR ...
S. Aparna, M.Sc. - A LINGUISTIC STUDY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE CURRICULUM AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL IN BANGLADESH - A COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT by
Kamrul Hasan, Ph.D. - COMMUNICATION VIA EYE AND FACE in Indian Contexts by
M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - COMMUNICATION
VIA GESTURE: A STUDY OF INDIAN CONTEXTS by M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - CIEFL Occasional
Papers in Linguistics,
Vol. 1 - Language, Thought
and Disorder - Some Classic Positions by
M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - English in India:
Loyalty and Attitudes
by Annika Hohenthal - Language In Science
by M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Vocabulary Education
by B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. - A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF HINDI
AND MALAYALAM
by V. Geethakumary, Ph.D. - LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENTS
IN TAMIL
by Sandhya Nayak, Ph.D. - An Introduction to TESOL:
Methods of Teaching English
to Speakers of Other Languages
by M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Transformation of
Natural Language
into Indexing Language:
Kannada - A Case Study
by B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. - How to Learn
Another Language?
by M.S.Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Verbal Communication
with CP Children
by Shyamala Chengappa, Ph.D.
and M.S.Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Bringing Order
to Linguistic Diversity
- Language Planning in
the British Raj by
Ranjit Singh Rangila,
M. S. Thirumalai,
and B. Mallikarjun
REFERENCE MATERIAL
- UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF LINGUISTIC RIGHTS
- Lord Macaulay and
His Minute on
Indian Education - In Defense of
Indian Vernaculars
Against
Lord Macaulay's Minute
By A Contemporary of
Lord Macaulay - Languages of India,
Census of India 1991 - The Constitution of India:
Provisions Relating to
Languages - The Official
Languages Act, 1963
(As Amended 1967) - Mother Tongues of India,
According to
1961 Census of India
BACK ISSUES
- FROM MARCH 2001.
- INDEX OF ARTICLES
FROM MARCH, 2001
to NOVEMBER 2007. - INDEX OF AUTHORS
AND THEIR ARTICLES
FROM MARCH, 2001
- NOVEMBER 2007
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B. Mallikarjun,
Central Institute of Indian Languages,
Manasagangotri,
Mysore 570006, India or e-mail to mallikarjun@ciil.stpmy.soft.net. PLEASE READ THE GUIDELINES GIVEN IN HOME PAGE IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE LIST OF CONTENTS. - Your articles and booklength reports should be written following the MLA, LSA, or IJDL Stylesheet.
- The Editorial Board has the right to accept, reject, or suggest modifications to the articles submitted for publication, and to make suitable stylistic adjustments. High quality, academic integrity, ethics and morals are expected from the authors and discussants.
Copyright © 2007
M. S. Thirumalai
THE STATUS AND TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN PAKISTAN
Muhammad Akram, Ph.D. Candidate and Anser Mahmood, Ph.D. Candidate
Abstract
There are more than 60 languages spoken in Pakistan. Urdu is the official and the national language of Pakistan whereas English is co-official language of Pakistan. The present paper highlights the status and significance of English language learning and teaching in Pakistan on the one hand and the attitude of different social classes towards English language in Pakistan on the other.
1. Introduction
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and more than 60 other local languages are spoken in Pakistan. The status of English in Pakistan is as clear as daylight. A Pakistani’s inadequate grasp of English language would keep him reminding of his inferior status. An overview of the history of English in the sub-continent will help understand present day attitudes toward English language learning in Pakistan.
Table 1: Pakistani Languages
| Pakistani Languages | |
| Languages | Percentage of Speakers |
| Punjabi | 44.15 |
| Pashto | 15.42 |
| Sindhi | 14.10 |
| Siraiki | 10.53 |
| Urdu | 7.57 |
| Balochi | 3.57 |
| Others | 4.66 |
| Source: Census 2001 : 107 |
English enjoys a high status in Pakistan as the language of education, law, government, science and technology. Advocates of English argue for its retention as language for international communication, and as lingua franca among the provinces.
The teaching of English in Pakistan has been text based since the beginning because the British government policy was to create a class of natives who would act as abuffer between the ruler and the ruled as also the link between the two. English is the one good legacy of the British rule in this sub-continent.
English in Pakistan is used as an official and a second language. It is spoken and used by a relatively small but extremely influential portion of country’s population in the domain of government administration, law, the military, the higher education, commerce and mass media (Baumgardner 1993:43).
Meithei Personal Names | The Status and Teaching of English in Pakistan | ELT in Higher Education in Iran and India -
A Critical Review | Demands for a Separate Linguistic State - The Question of Identity and Territorializing Bundelkhand in India | Case Marking in Gojri | Religion and Fiction | Writing Across the Curriculum -
Deaf Education
English Class | HOME PAGE OF DECEMBER 2007 ISSUE | HOME PAGE | CONTACT EDITOR
Muhammad Akram Ph.D. Candidate
Muhammadakram80@yahoo.com
Anser Mahmood Ph.D. Candidate
chanser73@yahoo.com
The Department of English The Department of English (Applied Linguistics)
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Pakistan
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