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BOOKS FOR YOU TO READ AND DOWNLOAD FREE!
- A STUDY OF THE SKILLS OF READING
COMPREHENSION IN ENGLISH DEVELOPED BY STUDENTS OF STANDARD IX IN THE SCHOOLS IN TUTICORIN DISTRICT, TAMILNADU ...
A. Joycilin Shermila, Ph.D. - A Socio-Pragmatic Comparative Study of Ostensible Invitations in English and Farsi ...
Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, Ph.D. - ADVANCED WRITING - A COURSE TEXTBOOK ...
Parviz Birjandi, Ph.D.
Seyyed Mohammad Alavi, Ph.D.
Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, Ph.D. - TEXT FAMILIARITY, READING TASKS, AND ESP TEST PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON IRANIAN LEP AND NON-LEP UNIVERSITY STUDENTS - A DOCTORAL DISSERTATION ...
Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, Ph.D. - A STUDY ON THE LEARNING PROCESS OF ENGLISH
BY HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DHARMAPURI DISTRICT IN TAMILNADU ...
K. Chidambaram, Ph.D. - SPEAKING STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATION
DIFFICULTIES IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE SITUATION - BANGLADESHIS IN NEW ZEALAND ...
Harunur Rashid Khan - THE PROBLEMS IN LEARNING MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS IN ENGLISH AT HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL ...
Chandra Bose, Ph.D. Candidate - THE ROLE OF VISION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
- in Children with Moderate to Severe Disabilities ...
Martha Low, Ph.D. - SANSKRIT TO ENGLISH TRANSLATOR ...
S. Aparna, M.Sc. - A LINGUISTIC STUDY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE CURRICULUM AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL IN BANGLADESH - A COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT by
Kamrul Hasan, Ph.D. - COMMUNICATION VIA EYE AND FACE in Indian Contexts by
M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - COMMUNICATION
VIA GESTURE: A STUDY OF INDIAN CONTEXTS by M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - CIEFL Occasional
Papers in Linguistics,
Vol. 1 - Language, Thought
and Disorder - Some Classic Positions by
M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - English in India:
Loyalty and Attitudes
by Annika Hohenthal - Language In Science
by M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Vocabulary Education
by B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. - A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF HINDI
AND MALAYALAM
by V. Geethakumary, Ph.D. - LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENTS
IN TAMIL
by Sandhya Nayak, Ph.D. - An Introduction to TESOL:
Methods of Teaching English
to Speakers of Other Languages
by M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Transformation of
Natural Language
into Indexing Language:
Kannada - A Case Study
by B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. - How to Learn
Another Language?
by M.S.Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Verbal Communication
with CP Children
by Shyamala Chengappa, Ph.D.
and M.S.Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Bringing Order
to Linguistic Diversity
- Language Planning in
the British Raj by
Ranjit Singh Rangila,
M. S. Thirumalai,
and B. Mallikarjun
REFERENCE MATERIAL
- UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF LINGUISTIC RIGHTS
- Lord Macaulay and
His Minute on
Indian Education - In Defense of
Indian Vernaculars
Against
Lord Macaulay's Minute
By A Contemporary of
Lord Macaulay - Languages of India,
Census of India 1991 - The Constitution of India:
Provisions Relating to
Languages - The Official
Languages Act, 1963
(As Amended 1967) - Mother Tongues of India,
According to
1961 Census of India
BACK ISSUES
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- INDEX OF ARTICLES
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- JULY 2006 - INDEX OF AUTHORS
AND THEIR ARTICLES
FROM MARCH, 2001
- JULY 2006
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Central Institute of Indian Languages,
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Mysore 570006, India or e-mail to mallikarjun@ciil.stpmy.soft.net - Your articles and booklength reports should be written following the MLA, LSA, or IJDL Stylesheet.
- The Editorial Board has the right to accept, reject, or suggest modifications to the articles submitted for publication, and to make suitable stylistic adjustments. High quality, academic integrity, ethics and morals are expected from the authors and discussants.
Copyright © 2004
M. S. Thirumalai
THE HELLS ENVISIONED IN
DIVINE COMEDY AND BHAGAVTHAM
V. V. B. Rama Rao, Ph.D.
GOOD AND BAD
When Good and Bad are posited, primarily the sense of right and wrong through a specific sense we call religious sense, the Divine Supreme is posited. With that Good and Bad came to be understood in depth leading to the insight that in after-life, that is life after death, the being which has had a span of life would be assessed by his/her deeds in the broad and never 'scientifically' defined' categories, Good and Bad.
HEAVEN AND HELL
Great sages and seers, 'drashtas', as they are called in Devabhasha, language of gods, Sanskrit, wrote out long and inspired visionary experiences to reveal to us what they envisioned as heaven and hell.RENDERING JUSTICE
When bad is done, wrong is committed, it would be brought to book. It would be punished. This belief acts as a deterrent to bad deeds. While asking people to cultivate belief and have faith in God, the sages and seers went to explain the consequences of bad deeds, also called evil-doings. This is what we now call a two-pronged approach to instill Faith.
While detailing the fruits of right action and good deeds they also told us with deep concern how evil would be 'punished'.
THE WEST AND THE EAST ON HELL
In our languages we have 'punya' and 'paapa'. The western world has near equivalents like "merit' and 'sin.'
In his great work Divine Comedy, Dante (1265-1321), a great Italian poet, visits the underworld, Inferno (hell), and passes through Purgatorio (place where sins are washed away) to Paradiso, Heaven or the Empyrean regions. This great otherworldly work gives a graphic description of Hell with its various circles and ditches.
While this is the conceptualization of hell towards the end of the middle ages and the beginning of Renaissance in the occident, the oriental visualization ages ago reflected in Bhagavatham appears to be more electrifying. It is inclined to more severe punishment for wrong doings in a typically Indian mould.
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V. V. B. Rama Rao
Communication Across Castes | The Hells Envisioned in the Divine Comedy and Bhagavtam | Telugu Parts of Speech Tagging in WSD | Practicing Literary Translation: A Symposium Round 10 | The Effectiveness of Genre-based Approach to Develop Writing Skills of Adult Learners and Its Significance for Designing a Syllabus | Structural Predictability of Malayalam Riddles | Parsing in Tamil - Present State of Art | HOME PAGE OF AUGUST 2006 ISSUE | HOME PAGE | CONTACT EDITOR
V. V. B. Rama Rao, Ph.D.
C-7 New Township, BTPS Badarpur
New Delhi 110 004
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vvbramarao@yahoo.com
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