BOOKS FOR YOU TO READ AND DOWNLOAD
- English in India: Loyalty and Attitudes by
Annika Hohenthal - Language In Science by
M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. - Vocabulary Education by
B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. - A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF HINDI AND MALAYALAM by V. Geethakumary, Ph.D.
- LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN TAMIL by Sandhya Nayak, Ph.D.
- An Introduction to TESOL: Methods of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages by M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.
- Transformation of Natural Language into Indexing Language: Kannada - A Case Study by B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
- How to Learn Another Language? by M.S.Thirumalai, Ph.D.
- Verbal Communication with CP Children by Shyamala Chengappa, Ph.D. and M.S.Thirumalai, Ph.D.
- Bringing Order to Linguistic Diversity - Language Planning in the British Raj by
Ranjit Singh Rangila,
M. S. Thirumalai,
and B. Mallikarjun
REFERENCE MATERIAL
- Lord Macaulay and His Minute on Indian Education
- Languages of India, Census of India 1991
- The Constitution of India: Provisions Relating to Languages
- The Official Languages Act, 1963 (As Amended 1967)
- Mother Tongues of India, According to 1961 Census of India
BACK ISSUES
- FROM MARCH 2001
- FROM JANUARY 2002
- INDEX OF ARTICLES FROM MARCH, 2001 - MAY 2003
- INDEX OF AUTHORS AND THEIR ARTICLES FROM MARCH, 2001 - MAY 2003
- E-mail your articles and book-length reports to thirumalai@bethfel.org or send your floppy disk (preferably in Microsoft Word) by regular mail to:
M. S. Thirumalai
6820 Auto Club Road #320
Bloomington, MN 55438 USA. - Contributors from South Asia may send their articles to
B. Mallikarjun,
Central Institute of Indian Languages,
Manasagangotri,
Mysore 570006, India or e-mail to mallikarjun@ciil.stpmy.soft.net - Your articles and booklength reports should be written following the MLA, LSA, or IJDL Stylesheet.
- The Editorial Board has the right to accept, reject, or suggest modifications to the articles submitted for publication, and to make suitable stylistic adjustments. High quality, academic integrity, ethics and morals are expected from the authors and discussants.
Copyright © 2001
M. S. Thirumalai
URDU IN RAJASTHAN
A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
Area 3,42,239 sq. km. Population 440.0 lakhs Capital Jaipur Principal Languages Hindi and Rajasthani
1. A HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, AND LINGUISTIC SKETCH OF RAJASTHAN
The entire western flank of the state borders with Pakistan, while Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh bind Rajasthan in the north, north-east and south-east, and Gujarat in the south-west. Area-wise, Rajasthan is the second largest State in India. Prior to Independence, the state was known as Rajputan, or the home of Rajputs - a martial community that ruled over this area for centuries. The process of uniting the scattered princely states began in 1948, and in 1956 the States Reorganisation Act was promulgated. First came Matsya Union (1948) consisting of a few princely states. Slowly and gradually other states merged with this union.
Rajasthan has a population of 4,40,05,990 persons. Hindi is the regional language of the State, which is spoken by 87.66 per cent of the population.
The major linguistic minority groups in the State include the speakers of Bhili/Bhilodi (3.96%), Urdu (2.23%), and Panjabi (4.78%).
The minority language speakers who constitute less than 1 per cent are the speakers of Gujarati (0.15%) and Sindhi (0.89%).
The speakers of minority languages who constitute less than 0.09 per cent are the speakers of Bengali (0.05%), Malayalam (0.05%), Marathi (0.05%), Oriya (0.02%), Tamil (0.02%), Gorkhali/Nepali (0.01%), Lahnda (0.01%), and Telugu (0.02%).
The names of the DistrictS along with the actual percentage of population, district headquarters, and the total Urdu population are given below in Table 1.
Table 1: Area, Population and Headquarters of Districts
District
Area (sq km)
Population
Headquarters
Total Urdu Population (Lacs)
%age
(Between 3 & 5)
Muslim Population (Lacs)
%age
(Between 3 & 6)
%age
(Between 5 & 6)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ajmer
8481
17.3
Ajmer
0.43
2.5
1.7
9.9
25.3
Alwar
8380
23.0
Alwar
0.06
0.3
2.6
11.1
2.3
Banswara
5037
11.6
Banswara
0.11
1.0
0.4
3.1
27.5
Barmer
28387
14.4
Barmer
0.02
0.1
0.2
1.1
10.0
Bharatpur
5066
16.6
Bharatpur
0.05
0.3
1.8
11.0
2.8
Bhilwara
10455
15.9
Bhilwara
0.28
1.8
0.8
5.3
35.0
Bikaner
27244
12.1
Bikaner
0.19
1.6
1.3
10.5
14.6
Bundi
5550
7.7
Bundi
0.13
1.6
0.4
5.7
32.5
Chittaurgarh
10856
14.8
Chittaurgarh
0.21
1.4
0.8
5.2
26.3
Churu
16830
15.4
Churu
0.36
2.3
1.6
10.6
22.5
Dhaulpur
3034
7.5
Dhaulpur
0.07
1.0
0.5
6.1
14.0
Dungarpur
3770
8.7
Dungarpur
0.05
0.6
0.2
2.8
25.0
Ganganagar
7944
26.2
Ganganagar
0.07
0.3
1.0
3.9
7.0
Jaisalmer
38401
3.4
Jaisalmer
2.24
65.0
3.8
110.7
58.9
Jalor
10640
11.4
Jalor
0.01
0.1
0.8
7.3
1.3
Jaipur
11588
47.2
Jaipur
0.01
0.0
0.4
0.9
2.5
Jhalawar
6219
9.5
Jhalawar
0.17
1.8
0.6
6.7
28.3
Jhunjhunun
5928
15.8
Jhunjhunun
0.36
2.3
1.5
9.6
24.0
Jodhpur
22850
21.5
Jodhpur
0.56
2.6
2.2
10.4
25.5
Kota
5481
20.3
Kota
0.84
4.1
1.9
9.4
44.2
Nagaur
17718
21.4
Nagaur
1.13
5.2
2.6
12.1
43.5
Pali
12387
14.9
Pali
0.12
0.8
0.9
5.8
13.3
Sawai Madhopur
5043
19.6
Sawai Madhopur
0.51
2.6
1.5
7.4
34.0
Sikar
7732
18.4
Sikar
0.61
3.3
2.1
11.4
29.0
Sirohi
5136
6.5
Sirohi
0.02
0.3
0.2
2.9
10.0
Tonk
7194
9.8
Tonk
0.59
6.0
1.0
10.0
59.0
Udaipur
12511
28.9
Udaipur
0.33
1.2
0.9
3.2
36.7
