LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 25:9 September 2025
ISSN 1930-2940

Editors:
         Selvi M. Bunce, M.A., Ph.D. Candidate
         Nathan Mulder Bunce, M.A., Ph.D. Candidate
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         T. Deivasigamani, Ph.D.
         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Honorary Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

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Phonological Processes in Repaired Tessier Type -3 & 10 Cleft- A Rare Case Report

Uday Singh, Ph.D. Scholar
Dr. R. Saranya and
Dr. Ravi Kant Singh

Abstract

Tessier type 3 & 10 clefts are grouped under rare craniofacial clefts [1, 2]. The occurrence of rare craniofacial clefts is reported in 0.7?5.4 out of 1000 cases of cleft lip and palate[3]. Tessier facial clefts involve mouth, maxilla, eyes, nose, and forehead; and may extend to viscerocranium and neurocranium too. These clefts are numbered from 0 to 14, representing the extension of the cleft. These clefts can be described as oro-occular cleft and fronto-nasal dysplasia [1]. Phonological processes provide provisional pronunciations during the developmental period of a child as he masters adult like pronunciations [3]. They also influence the lexical and grammatical competence in a child [4].There is variety of phonological processes identified in children and they vary across languages [5]. These processes gradually get suppressed as the child?s phonetic and language skills mature [3]. However, in some children, these processes remain un-suppressed indicating poor mastery on the production of speech sounds of the native language of the child [6].

Keywords:Tessier type 3&10 clefts, craniofacial clefts, phonological processes, pronunciations, phonetic skills.

Introduction

Several studies suggest that the speech sound errors in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are not merely articulation disorder but are errors with phonological consequences [7]. Different phonological processes have been noted in children with CLP such as, final consonant deletion, initial consonant deletion, nasalization, velar assimilation, nasal assimilation, backing, nasal preference, and glottal insertion [7, 8]. Delayed suppression of phonological processes in children with CLP compared to age matched peers has also been reported [9].

Due to dearth of study on Phonological processes in repaired Tessier Type-3& 10 cleft, the case report is aimed to identifying the number and types of phonological processes characteristic in children with Repaired Tessier Type -3 & 10 Cleft. The case report study will provide in-depth information in to the Phonological processes in Tessier type-3 & 10 cleft.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Uday Singh, Ph.D. Scholar
CAS in Linguistics
Annamalai University
Annamalai Nagar ? 608002
Tamil Nadu
singhuday361@gmail.com
&
Dr. R. Saranya
Professor
CAS in Linguistics
Annamalai University
Annamalai Nagar ? 608002
Tamil Nadu
drsaranyaraja@gmail.com
&
Dr. Ravi Kant Singh
Project Director & HOD, Maxillofacial Surgery
Shanti Mukand Hospital
New Delhi 110017
kantravi16@gmail.com
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