LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 25:9 September 2025
ISSN 1930-2940

Editors:
         Selvi M. Bunce, M.A., Ph.D. Candidate
         Nathan Mulder Bunce, M.A., Ph.D. Candidate
         Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D.
         B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D.
         A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D.
         G. Baskaran, Ph.D.
         T. Deivasigamani, Ph.D.
         Pammi Pavan Kumar, Ph.D.
         Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Honorary Managing Editor & Publisher: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D.

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Peasants on the Move: A Socio-economic Perspective on Internal Migration in India

Dr. Subodh Chinchole (Ph. D.)

Abstract

This article examines the phenomenon of internal migration in India, with a specific focus on the socio-economic conditions and experiences of peasants. It is a proven fact that internal migration plays a vital role in shaping the socio-economic fabric of the country as peasants seek better economic opportunities and improved living conditions. The article attempts to explore the push and pull factors driving internal migration, the challenges faced by migrants, and potential solutions to address their needs. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, surveys, and case studies, this study sheds light on the complexities and dynamics of internal migration among peasants in India.

Keywords:internal migration, peasants, India, socio-economic, push factors, pull factors, challenges, solutions.

Introduction

International migration plays an important role in the global socio-political set up and at the same time exercises its influence on the economic development at both local and global levels. Likewise, the internal migration also constitutes a significant aspect of any country's socio-economic landscape. In case of a country like India, with her tremendous environmental and geographical diversity, a sizable population, primarily engaged in agricultural activities, migrate from rural to urban areas or between rural regions within the country in search of better livelihood opportunities and improved living conditions. Rural peasants comprise a substantial proportion of these migrants. The phenomenon of internal migration among peasants in India has attracted increasing attention due to its profound impact on the social and economic dynamics of both the origin and destination regions.

A combination of different push and pull factors has shaped internal migration in India. Push factors, such as poverty, landlessness, and limited employment opportunities in rural areas, propel peasants to migrate in search of economic advancement (Desai & Dubey, 2020). Additionally, factors such as agrarian distress, small and fragmented landholdings, and a lack of access to credit and resources contribute to the push for migration (Chandrasekhar & Ghosh, 2019).

On the other hand, there are some pull factors that entice peasants to migrate to urban areas or regions with better economic prospects. Rapid urbanisation, industrial growth, and the expansion of the service sector have created employment opportunities that attract peasants seeking better livelihoods (Deshingkar & Akter, 2009). The allure of higher wages, improved access to education and healthcare facilities, and the potential for social mobility also act as pull factors (Chandrasekhar & Ghosh, 2019).

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Dr. Subodh Chinchole (Ph. D.)
Assoc. Professor, Dept. of English
Jijamata Mahavidyalaya, Buldhana
(Maharashtra, India)
subodhchinchole@gmail.com
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