LANGUAGE IN INDIA

Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Volume 25:9 September 2025
ISSN 1930-2940

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Exploring Mobile-Assisted Language Learning

Allen Aaron Arnedo

Abstract

This independent study explores and establishes a synthesized overview of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning as a definitive medium of language acquisition in the digital age. This thematic paper aims to explore the following:1) The theoretical frameworks that inform the pedagogy of MALL 2) examine the characteristics of MALL, 3) the attitudes towards MALL, and 4) the challenges of MALL implementation in the context of higher education. This independent study used a literature review to explore the aforementioned research goals and found the following. The theoretical frameworks that inform the pedagogy of MALL are the Constructivist Theory, wherein educators play the role of an active facilitator of learning, while learners take on constructing active knowledge through their volition. Characteristics of MALL were informed via the Tripartite Model of Attitudes, which explored attitude formation, alongside the Technology Acceptance Model, which examines how users interact with and adopt new technologies. It was found that attitudes towards MALL have been positive, but some concerns have arisen towards its effectiveness, especially in educational contexts lacking certain resources. From the classroom level to the institutional level, MALL has received a broad range of support but is met with significant obstacles that prevent equitable implementation. Students' inability to obtain a MALL-based device, internet connectivity, and the lack of appropriate teacher training present a barrier to full acceptance. MALL-based education should account for different languages, writing systems, and cultural contexts. Furthermore, new technologies have led to concerns with data protection, privacy, ethics, and transparency. Data protection laws need to be codified to ensure data collection fully complies with ethical standards. Crucially, it must be noted that the biases of Large Language Models and AI-based learning systems can be traced back to the datasets they use. This paper finds that utilizing datasets that do not account for diverse linguistic backgrounds may lead to unfair assumptions in a model's output. In turn, this exacerbates inequalities for users that do not belong to the linguistic majority.

Keywords:Attitudes, MALL, Mobile Assisted Language Learning, International University, International Students

Introduction

Mobile Assisted Language Learning is a medium of instruction supporting language acquisition beyond a traditional classroom setting. One of its primary characteristics is portability, which is demonstrable through the ability by students to access classroom materials at anytime and anywhere. Kukulska-Hulme & Shield (2008) observed that initially, MALL was used to deliver content to learners, with some commonly cited formats including vocabulary lists and quizzes. However, it must be noted that new developments in language learning have revealed a strong need for activities that include a combination of interactivity and collaboration, specifically in areas of language learning that involve practicing speaking and listening.

Presently, creating and implementing these activities in a MALL-based context is a major challenge that affects both formal and informal learning. Kukulska-Hulme & Shield (2008) note that key concerns include user engagement as well as effective integration of technology to support language learners. The authors observed during their research that the mobility provided by mobile devices has proven to enhance motivation by enabling students to retain more control over their language learning journey and building community despite geographical separation. Currently, the trajectory of MALL is presently is moving towards social, interactive, and learner-centric features. Nevertheless, each of these proposed features presents challenges within a pedagogical and technological context.

This article establishes a synthesized overview of MALL that explores the pedagogical essence of MALL, the characteristics that define MALL, the advantages of MALL, attitudes towards MALL, and the challenges that MALL faces from a higher educational context.

This is only the beginning part of the article. PLEASE CLICK HERE TO READ THE ENTIRE ARTICLE IN PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION.

Allen Aaron Arnedo
Student of Master of English Language Teaching
Graduate School of Human Sciences
Assumption University of Thailand
arnedoaaron96@gmail.com
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